2017年度热词汇总：科技类
十九大开完了，也是到了总结本年度词汇的时候，方便同学的考研准备。本周开始汇总2017年度热词，分为时政、经济、社会、科技和外交等。更多有关十九大的内容，可以结合翻吧君之前汇总的词汇，在此就不具体列出了。
以下是本年度热词汇总目录：
分子氢：molecular hydrogen
地外生命：extraterrestrial life
NASA's Cassini spacecraft detected the presence of molecular hydrogen in water plumes erupting from Saturn's icy moon Enceladus, suggesting that the distant world has almost all the conditions necessary for life.
美国宇航局的卡西尼号航天探测器发现在土星的冰冻卫星"土卫二"的喷射羽流中存在分子氢，这意味着这个遥远的星球具备了生命存在的几乎所有条件。
脉冲星：pulsars
After one year of trial operation, China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), the world's largest single-dish radio telescope, has identified multiple pulsars, the National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) said Tuesday.
10月10日，中国科学院国家天文台宣布，经过一年调试，500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）已发现多颗脉冲星。FAST是世界上最大的单口径射点望远镜。
双中子星并合引力波：gravitational wave created by the collision of two neutron stars
Scientists at the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory in the United States announced on Monday night they had discovered the first-ever gravitational wave created by the collision of two neutron stars — superdense remnants of massive stars — on Aug 17. A Chinese satellite helped define the energy level of the newly discovered gravitational wave.
北京时间10月16日晚，美国激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）科研人员宣布，8月17日首次发现双中子星并合引力波事件。中国卫星帮助确定了新发现的引力波的能级。中子星即大质量恒星残留的致密天体。
天使粒子:Angel Particle
In an article published in the prestigious journal Science, researchers report they have found the first evidence of just such an object, which they dubbed the “Angel Particle”.
如今，在久负盛名的《科学》杂志刊载的一篇文章中，研究人员称发现了上述物质存在的首个证据，他们称之为“天使粒子”。
美国大日食：Great American Eclipse
日全食：total solar eclipse
日偏食：partial solar eclipse
On Monday, August 21, a total solar eclipse, also referred to as the "Great American Eclipse", was visible within a thin path of totality from the West Coast to the East Coast across the entire contiguous United States in 99 years.
当地时间8月21日，美国迎来日全食奇观，亦称为“美国大日食”。此次日全食可在从西海岸横跨美国全境到东海岸的一条狭长的“全食带”内可见，这是时隔99年，日全食再次横跨美国。
火流星：fireball meteor
A fireball meteor, with the power equal to that of 540 tonnes of TNT, explodes through the night sky at around 8 p.m. in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Deqen in Yunan Province on October 4, with no casualties or property losses reported yet.
10月4日20时许，云南省迪庆藏族自治州发生一起“火流星”空爆事件，爆炸当量相当于540吨TNT，目前尚无人员伤亡或房屋受损情况报道。
天舟一号：Tianzhou-1
China has taken another step toward its goal of putting a space station into orbit around 2022, by sending its first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1 into space on Thursday evening.
我国首个货运飞船天舟一号于20日晚发射升空，我们朝着2022年前后建立轨道空间站的目标又迈进了一步。
静止轨道气象卫星：geostationary orbiting weather satellites
Fengyun-4A satellite, the first of China's second-generation geostationary orbiting weather satellites, was put into operation Monday, said the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence.
国家国防科技工业局宣布，"风云四号A星"卫星于25日投入使用。风云四号A星是我国第二代静止轨道气象卫星的首发星。
硬X射线调制望远镜：Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope
The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope, a cutting-edge space telescope that was launched on Thursday, will help scientists better understand the universe.
15日发射升空的尖端太空望远镜——硬X射线调制望远镜将有助于科学家更好地了解宇宙。
人造太阳：artificial sun
全超导托卡马克实验装置(东方超环)：Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak（EAST）
China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, dubbed "artificial sun", became the world's first tokamak device to achieve the 100-second-level, Hefei Institute of Physical Science under the Chinese Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.
中科院合肥物质科学研究院5日称，我国的"全超导托卡马克实验装置(东方超环)"成为世界首个运行时间达到百秒量级的托卡马克装置。东方超环也被称作"人造太阳"。
火星模拟基地：Mars simulation base
天然实验室：natural laboratory
China will establish the country's first Mars simulation base in Qinghai, the local government said Tuesday.
当地政府8日称，我国将在青海建立国内首个火星模拟基地。
深空门空间站：the Deep Space Gateway station
In a joint statement, signed in Adelaide, Australia, the two agencies declared their intention to cooperate on organizing scientific missions on the lunar orbit and on the moon surface, including building the Deep Space Gateway station.
双方在澳大利亚阿德莱德发表的联合声明表示，将在月球轨道以及表面的科学探索任务中进行合作，其中包括建立“深空门”空间站。
核心舱：core module
The first core module of China's space station will be launched in 2018 on board a new-generation Long March-5 heavyweight carrier rocket, said Bao Weimin, a space technology researcher.
空间技术研究人员包为民近日称，中国空间站首个核心舱将搭载新一代长征5号重型运载火箭于2018年发射升空。
回收火箭：recycled rocket
US space firm SpaceX made history on Thursday as it launched a recycled rocket back into space for the first time and then landed its first stage on a droneship in the Atlantic Ocean.
当地时间30日，美国太空公司SpaceX创造历史，首次实现将一枚回收火箭再度送入太空，此后其一级火箭在大西洋的一艘无人船上着陆。
太空加油：in-orbit refuelingers
China's Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft and Tiangong-2 space lab completed their first in-orbit refueling Thursday.
27日，我国货运飞船天舟一号与天宫二号空间实验室完成首次"太空加油"。
网络空间国际合作战略：the International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace
The International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace is the first China has released regarding the virtual domain.
《网络空间国际合作战略》是中国就网络空间问题首度发布的战略。
国产客机：homemade passenger jet
While the much-awaited first homemade passenger jet C919 made its maiden flight Friday, it may take much longer for the newcomer to take off in the aviation market.
虽然备受期待的首架国产客机C919于5日完成首飞，但初来乍到的C919也许需花更多时间才能在航空市场中立足。
国产航母：domestically built aircraft carrier/home-built aircraft carrier
舾装工作：outfitting
武器系统：weapon system
China's first domestically built aircraft carrier is being outfitted with equipment and the work is progressing smoothly, Defense Ministry spokesman Wu Qian said on Thursday.
国防部发言人吴谦30日称，我国首艘国产航母正在开展舾装工作，进展顺利。
GBU-43/B巨型空爆炸弹：GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb (MOAB)
炸弹之母： the mother of all bombs
The US military says it has dropped a 21,600lb (9,800kg) bomb on a tunnel complex used by Islamic State militants in Afghanistan. The GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb (MOAB), known as "the mother of all bombs", is the largest non-nuclear bomb ever used by the US in a conflict.
美国军方表示，已向极端组织军事力量在阿富汗的一处隧道工事投放了一颗9.8吨的炸弹。投放的GBU-43/B巨型空爆炸弹被称为“炸弹之母”，是美军在行动中投放过的最大的非核武炸弹。
巨型稻：giant rice
With the average height of more than 1.8 meters, the yield of rice is expected to surpass 15,000 kg per ha as "giant rice" ripens in the experimental field in Jinjing Township of Changsha County, central China's Hunan Province
在湖南长沙县金井镇的试验田里，这种“巨型稻”的株高普遍在1.8米以上，预计其产量将超过每公顷15吨。
超级稻：super rice
Hybrid rice, sometimes called super rice, is produced by crossbreeding different varieties. Yuan has set three world records in hybrid rice yield - in 1999, 2005 and 2011, according to Xinhua News Agency.
杂交水稻，又称超级稻，由不同的水稻品种杂交产生。据新华社报道，袁隆平先后于1999年、2005年和2011年三次在杂交水稻产量方面创造了世界纪录。
智能轨道快运系统：Autonomous rail Rapid Transit
The Autonomous rail Rapid Transit, which was unveiled in the city of Zhuzhou on 2 June, is around 30metres long and is fitted with sensors that detect the dimensions of the road.
6月2日亮相的“智能轨道快运系统”车身长约30米，并安装了传感器，可以检测道路状况。
中低速磁浮交通路线：medium-low speed maglev line
Beijing's first medium-low speed maglev line is expected to start trial operation by the end of this year. The 10.2-km S1 line will connect the suburban districts of Mentougou and Shijingshan.
北京首条中低速磁浮交通路线将于年底开通试运营。S1线全长10.2公里，连接门头沟与石景山两大城郊区域。
高速飞行列车交通网：HyperFlight transport network
China will develop a supersonic speed HyperFlight transport network with a designed speed of up to 4,000 km/h, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation announced.
中国航天科工集团公司近日宣布，我国将研发设计时速高达4000公里的超音速"高速飞行列车"交通网。
公铁两用钢拱桥： rail-road steel arch bridge
The bridge, constructed by CCCC Second Harbour Engineering Co, is the world's longest rail-road steel arch bridge.
由中交二航局施工的天生港专用航道桥为目前世界上最大跨度的公铁两用钢拱桥。
悬挂式单轨列车：mounted monorail train
空轨或空中列车：sky train
Chinese rail car manufacturer CRRC Qingdao Sifang has unveiled a prototype of a mounted monorail train with a maximum operating speed of 70 kilometers per hour, the fastest of its kind in China.
国内最高速的悬挂式单轨列车日前在青岛中车四方下线，最高运行时速为70公里。
氢燃料电池有轨电车：hydrogen-powered tram
A tram powered by hydrogen fuel cells was put into commercial operation Thursday in Tangshan, north China's Hebei Province. It is the first commercial hydrogen-powered tram in the world and made by China Railway Rolling Corporation (CRRC) Tangshan Co., Ltd.
10月26日，由中车唐山公司研制的氢燃料电池有轨电车在唐山投入商业运营，这也是全球范围内，氢燃料电池有轨电车首次商业运营。
智能行人闯红灯取证系统：intelligent system for jaywalking identification
An intelligent identification system (IIS) has been set up on an intersection in Shenzhen, Guangdong province tasked with exposing pedestrians who jaywalk on red lights.
广东省深圳市的一处交叉路口设立起一个智能识别系统，用于曝光闯红灯的行人。
海上核电站:maritime nuclear power plant
海上核动力浮动平台：floating maritime nuclear power platform
Chinese authorities have already researched on relevant core technologies as well as the standardization of maritime nuclear power plants, according to Wang Yiren, vice director of the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense.
据国家国防科技工业局副局长王毅韧介绍，我国有关部门已就海上核电站标准和相关关键技术开展研究。
类脑：brain-inspired intelligence
China National Engineering Laboratory was recently set up by the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in Hefei, Anhui Province to develop AI technology by learning human brain mechanisms.
中国科技大学日前在安徽省合肥市成立国家工程实验室，将借鉴人脑机制攻关人工智能技术。
光量子计算机：photon quantum computer
Chinese scientists have built the world's first photon quantum computing machine that goes beyond the early classical computers, paving the way to the ultimate realization of quantum computing.
我国科学家已构建出世界首台超越早期经典计算机的光量子计算机，为最终实现量子计算铺平了道路。
电子身份标识: electronic identification (eID)
Electronic identification, or eID for short, is a secure form of online identity that is embedded in a smart security chip. The identity information cannot leak but can be accessed remotely.
电子身份标识，简称eID，是以智能安全芯片为载体的网络身份安全标识，能够在不泄露身份信息的前提下在线远程识别身份。
留存指纹和面部图像信息：collect fingerprint and capture facial image
China will start to collect fingerprints and capture facial images of foreign passport holders entering China at selected ports beginning on Friday to tighten border security.
为加强出入境管理，我国将从2月10日起开始在选定的口岸留存入境外国人的指纹和面部图像信息。
个人生物信息：biometric information
Chinese security experts and officials are advising people to be more careful about making a "V" gesture while taking a photo, because it may raise security risks by exposing their fingerprints.
中国安全专家和官员建议人们拍照时要慎用“剪刀手”手势，因为该手势会增加暴露个人指纹的风险。
刷手机坐地铁：swipe mobile phone to board subway
Passengers with an Android phone in Beijing can now swipe their phones to board the subway.
北京有安卓手机的乘客将可刷手机乘地铁。
多层立体停车楼：multi-storey parking facility
智能停车系统：automatic system which allows smart-parking
China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing inaugurated a multi-storey parking facility to help alleviate parking problems, as well as to provide better air rescue services.
北京中日友好医院启用了多层的立体停车楼来缓解停车难的问题，同时也是为了提供更好的航空救援服务。
未来科学大奖：Future Science Prize
China’s Future Science Prize, hailed as the "Nobel Prize of China", announced winners for 2017 on Saturday in Beijing. Each winner will be awarded 1 million US dollars.
9月9日，被誉为“中国诺贝尔奖”的“未来科学大奖”在北京揭晓，每位获奖者都将获得100万美元（约合人民币675万元）奖金。
AI发展规划：AI development plan
深度学习：deep learning
人机协同：man-machine coordination
智能操作：intelligent operation
Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang said at the World Intelligence Congress in Tianjin that China will soon release a national plan to boost the development of artificial intelligence through 2030.
科技部部长万钢在天津举行的世界智能大会上表示，我国很快将发布面向2030年的国家人工智能发展规划。
世界机器人大会：World Robot Conference
As a platform for both domestic and foreign enterprises, WRC 2017 is tasked to provide high-level academic communication opportunities for companies and professionals, to promote international innovation collaboration and to cooperate in exploring the impact of robot revolution on future social development.
2017世界机器人大会作为国内外企业展示自我的平台，致力于为企业和专业人士提供高端学术交流机会，促进国际创新协作，配合探索机器人变革对未来社会发展的影响。
国家大数据中心：national big data centre
Zhang Feng, chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that China will establish a national big data center to promote the trans-departmental, trans-regional sharing of basic data, in order to improve the practical value of data and its efficient use.
工信部总工程师张峰表示，我国将建设全国一体化的国家大数据中心，推进公共数据开放和基础数据资源跨部门、跨区域共享，提高数据应用效率和使用价值。
小程序：mini app
Chinese internet giant Tencent Holdings Ltd launched "mini apps" on Monday, which let users interact with app-like services within its instant messaging app WeChat, without having to download and install them.
国内互联网巨头腾讯公司于1月9日发布“小程序”，可以让用户无需下载和安装便可在微信内互动使用各类程序服务。
12315互联网平台： the National Internet Platform of Consumer Dispute Resolution
The State Administration for Industry and Commerce announced on Tuesday that the National Internet Platform of Consumer Dispute Resolution will go into operation on Wednesday, in a move to cater to consumers' growing need to complain.
国家工商总局14日宣布，全国12315互联网平台于15日正式上线运营，以满足消费者日益增长的投诉需求。
勒索软件：ransomware
勒索软件攻击：ransomware attack
The unprecedented spread of a ransomware dubbed WannaCry has swept across more than 150 countries and infected more than 300,000 computers, setting off alarm bells for global internet security.
近日，一种名为"想哭"的勒索软件规模空前地席卷了150多个国家，感染电脑超过30万台，拉响了全球网络安全的警钟。
（游戏）防沉迷措施：anti-addiction measure/discipline measure
Children under twelve will be restricted from playing 'Honor of Kings,' as part of disciplinary measures, the developers said on Sunday.
7月2日，《王者荣耀》游戏开发者表示，将对12岁以下的儿童玩家进行限制，作为防止未成年人沉迷游戏的措施。
马路拉链车：zipper truck
The capital of Shandong province, Jinan, started using a "zipper truck" last week to alternate traffic lanes during rush hours and ease congestion.
山东省会济南上周启用“拉链车”在交通高峰期转换潮汐车道，缓解道路拥堵。
无痛分娩：pain-free delivery
自然分娩：natural childbirth/delivery/labor
The suicide of a pregnant woman after her plea for a C-section was rejected has sparked a public outcry across China, with people calling for the promotion of pain-free delivery options.
一名孕妇在请求进行剖腹产遭拒后自杀一事在全国引发公众热议，人们呼吁推广无痛分娩方式。
将动物粪便转化为肥料和电力：turn animal poo into fertilizer and power
China will pay farmers to turn animal poo into fertilizer and power, the Ministry of Agriculture said on Wednesday, as Beijing cracks down on agricultural pollution that has for years leaked into rivers and lakes, angering Chinese residents.
农业部8月30日表示，中国将补贴农民，鼓励他们将动物粪便转化为肥料和电力。农业废弃物流入河流和湖泊而引起的污染长期困扰居民，中国正在对该问题进行整治。
乙醇汽油：ethanol-added gasoline
China has for the first time set a targeted timeline to roll out the use of ethanol-added gasoline nationwide for cars, part of its efforts to clean up pollution and optimize the country's energy mix.
我国首次设定了在全国范围内推广车辆使用乙醇汽油的时间表，这是我国清理污染、优化能源结构的部分举措。
无边框显示屏：dge-to-edge display
全面屏设计：all-screen design
Apple Inc on Tuesday rolled out its much-anticipated iPhone X, a glass and stainless steel device with an edge-to-edge display that Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook called "the biggest leap forward since the original iPhone."
苹果公司12日推出备受期待的iPhone X。iPhone X采用玻璃与不锈钢材质、无边框显示屏，苹果首席执行官库克称这是"自第一代iPhone面世以来的最大飞跃"。
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